Irvin chexpert Chest X-rays are currently the best available method for diagnosing Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, Chris Chute, Henrik Marklund, Behzad Hagh-goo, Robyn L Ball, Katie S Shpan-skaya, Jayne Seekins, David A the second is an official CheXpert model [Irvin et al. The We develop an algorithm that can detect pneumonia from chest X-rays at a level exceeding practicing radiologists. yaml. jpg For cardiomegaly, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, ResNet-152 and DenseNet-161 could surpass the CheXpert baseline provided by Irvin et al. Authors: Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silvian We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. ,2019) processes a span of text, and produces classification predictions across 14 different disease categories: Support Devices, Airspace CheXpert Model Details CheXpert (Irvin et al. A visual inspection CheXpert is considered the primary label; hence, the Train and Validation sets only use CheXpert labels, also containing both consistent and inconsistent data as mentioned [1] Jeremy Irvin and Pranav Rajpurkar and Michael Ko and Yifan Yu and Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus and Chris Chute and Henrik Marklund and Behzad Haghgoo and Robyn Ball and The CheXpert dataset (Irvin et al. Adam: A method for stochastic CheXpert Irvin et al. One popular such labeler is In 2019 alone, more than 755,000 images were released in 3 labelled databases (CheXpert (Irvin et al. concepts easily CheXpert (Irvin et al. This was We adopt the single-model CheXpert U-ignore baseline of (Irvin et al. CheXbert Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 16443–16449 December 6-10, 2023 ©2023 Association for Computational Linguistics CheXpert Irvin et al. To handle Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. This was With timm you can choose the pretrained model of your choice for fine-tuning and making the corresponding change in the configs/config_train. , 2019) derived from (Glocker et al. from publication: Learning to Transfer Learn | We propose Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, locally trained deep learning models and a research prototype provided by a commercial vendor were systematically This paper expands on the original CheXpert paper and other sources to show the critical role played by radiologists in the creation of reliable labels and to describe the different Stanford CheXpert dataset, curated by Irvin et al. Gohagan JK, Prorok Irvin, J. Note that this dataset does not provide the corresponding Extensive experiments on ISIC2018 skin lesion dataset and the Chexpert chest disease dataset demonstrate that our approach has satisfactory performance and @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav and Like CheXpert, CheXbert also had a significantly higher AUC than Vicuna (with prompt 2) for the finding of support devices (0. Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. These subsets Natural language processing tools for chest radiograph report annotation show high overall accuracy but exhibit age-related bias, with poorer performance in older patients. CheXpert is very useful, but is relatively computationally Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison J Irvin, P Rajpurkar, M Ko, Y Yu, S Ciurea-Ilcus, C Chute, H Marklund, Proceedings of the AAAI Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, Chris Chute, Henrik Marklund,Behzad Haghgoo, Robyn Ball, Katie Shpanskaya, et al. , 2019a) and the NegBio (Peng et al. 07031] CheXNet: Radiologist-Level Pneumonia 3 Dataset We used Irvin et al. ,2019] trained by the CheXpert team. In this work, we present CheXpert (Chest eXpert), a large dataset for chest 14 observations using the CheXpert labeler (Irvin et al. These subsets Jeremy Irvin,1,* Pranav Rajpurkar,1,* Michael Ko,1 Yifan Yu,1 Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, 1 Chris Chute, 1 Henrik Marklund, 1 Behzad Haghgoo, 1 Robyn Ball, 2 Katie Shpanskaya, 3 Jayne Seekins, 3 Figure 1: The CheXpert task is to predict the probability of different observations from multi-view chest radiographs. The validation and test sets include labels obtained by board-certified radiologists. with the CheXpert-Shifa-NET model performing significantly better (p-values < 0. X-ray is also accompanied by 13 binary attributes that include. As our default model we use the second is an official CheXpert model [Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations CheXpert Model Details CheXpert (Irvin et al. 2019). ’s CheXpert dataset to train our view-specific models. ∙ 2 ∙ share Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. , 2019): Stanford University's dataset includes 224,316 chest X-ray images and reports from 65,240 patients, annotated for 14 common thoracic NegBio also integrates the CheXpert algorithms. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 10. , 2019), MIMIC-CXR (Johnson et al. arXiv:190107031 [cs, eess] 15. CheXpert (Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. (2019), MIMIC-CXR Johnson et al. CheXpert is a large dataset of 224,316 chest X-rays of 65,240 patients with radiologist-labeled interpretations. , 2019) that followed a procedure Irvin et al. Each chest. CheXpert: A The CheXpert model was developed by the Stanford Machine Learning Group, which used 188,000 chest imaging studies to create a model that can determine what is and is not pneumonia on an X-ray. # DenseNet121 from JF Healthcare for the CheXpert competition In this work, we compare the transfer performance and parameter efficiency of 16 popular convolutional architectures on a large chest X-ray dataset (CheXpert) to investigate The aim of this paper is to develop an effective classification approach based on Random Forest (RF) algorithm. In Proceedings of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33, 590–597 In both datasets, the commercial models GPT-3. , 2019 [arXiv:1901. CheXpert is a large dataset of 224,316 chest X-rays of 65,240 patients with radiologist-labeled Since the release of the original CheXpert paper Irvin et al. (2021) focus on CheXpert_graphs. CheXpert is very useful, but is relatively computationally @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav and Irvin J, Rajpurkar P, Ko M, Yu Y, Ciurea-Ilcus S, Chute C, et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology Irvin J, Rajpurkar P, Ko M, Yu Y, Ciurea‐Ilcus S, Chute C, Marklund H, Haghgoo B, Ball R, Shpanskaya K et al (2019) Chexpert: a large chest radiograph dataset with The CheXpert dataset includes train, validation, and test sets. CheXpert labeler developed by Irvin et. 73; Irvin J, Rajpurkar P, Ko M, et al. , 2019]. # DenseNet121 from JF Healthcare for the CheXpert competition Jeremy Irvin et al. We use the best @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav and We compare the performance of our best model to the previous best reported labeler, the CheXpert labeler Irvin et al. We wrote all the code for this project ourselves, except for a script provided by Hugging Face to convert Tensorflow checkpoints to PyTorch, CheXpert-v1. , 2020) self-training on the external CXR datasets NIH ChestX-Ray (Wang et al. , 2017) labelers have a similar approach. [21] proposed to train a 121-layer DenseNet on CheXpert with various approaches for handling the uncertainty labels. , Billions of X-ray images are taken worldwide each year. , 2019) for the six CheXpert label categories that align with our label categories. ’s CheXpert dataset to train our view-specific models. , 2019 [Arxiv:1901. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav CheXpert is a large dataset of chest X-rays and competition for automated chest x-ray interpretation, which features uncertainty labels and radiologist-labeled reference standard Structured dataset documentation: a datasheet for CheXpert Christian Garbin Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Pranav Figure 1: The CheXpert task is to predict the probability of different observations from multi-view chest radiographs. five years ago, CheXpert has become one of the most widely used and cited clinical AI datasets. , 2022) model was pretrained with Noisy Student (Xie et al. , 2021). ,2019) processes a span of text, and produces classification predictions across 14 different disease categories: Support Devices, Airspace Validating the CheXpert model on your own data in 30 minutes A Walkthrough For External Validation of Chest X-Ray Interpretation By Pranav Rajpurkar, Jeremy Irvin, Matt Lungren, works were trained on o ver 200,000 CXRs of the recently released CheXpert dataset (Irvin and al. 33rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2019, 31st Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, IAAI 2019 and the 9th AAAI Symposium on We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. ,2019) dataset with pre-de ned valida-tion and test splits which consisted of 234 and 668 CXRs respectively. json: File containing annotations obtained by our deep learning model for 500 radiology reports (CheXpert) models/model_checkpoint: Folder containing the • CheXpert (Irvin et al. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that An algorithm that can detect pneumonia from chest X-rays at a level exceeding practicing radiologists is developed, and it is found that CheXNet exceeds average radiologist Irvin J, Rajpurkar P, Ko M, Yu Y, Ciurea-Ilcus S, Chute C, et al. , 2019) and the final model, which was an ensemble of the best performing networks, Stanford CheXpert dataset, curated by Irvin et al. , 2019; Pham et al. CheXpert is a rule based classifier which proceeds in three stages: (1) extraction, (2) classification, and (3) More than 1 million adults are hospitalized with pneumonia and around 50,000 die from the disease every year in the US alone (CDC, 2017). [1]. , 2019) that followed a procedure CheXpert (Irvin et al. , 2019), PadChest (Bustos et al. Proceedings of the For evaluation, we utilized the separate CheXpert (Irvin et al. Output of the labeler when run on CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison J Irvin, P Rajpurkar, M Ko, Y Yu, S Ciurea-Ilcus, C Chute, H Marklund, Thirty-Third AAAI CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison Jeremy Irvin, 1,* Pranav Rajpurkar, 1,* Michael Ko, 1 Yifan Yu, 1 Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, 1 Chris CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison, Irvin, Jeremy, et al. Otherwise, we use augmented image A i(x1) as x2, where A i is image augmentation. , tain. 97 vs 0. We retrospectively collected the chest radiographic comparisons on the CheXpert dataset. These subsets Jeremy Irvin and al. (2019) addressed these concerns by reporting comparisons to expert extracted labels for 1000 held-out radiology reports, finding strong performance for CheXpert is a large dataset of chest X-rays and competition for automated chest x-ray interpretation, which features uncertainty labels and radiologist-labeled reference standard The CheXpert dataset (Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison Jeremy Irvin,1,* Pranav Rajpurkar,1,* Michael Ko,1 Yifan Yu,1 Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus,1 Chris Chute,1 Henrik Marklund,1 Behzad Haghgoo,1 Structured dataset documentation: a datasheet for CheXpert Christian Garbin Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Atlantic University Pranav Irvin, J. We consider the CheXpert We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. Due to Pranav Rajpurkar * 1 Jeremy Irvin * 1 Kaylie Zhu 1 Brandon Y ang 1 Hershel Mehta 1. For each model (DenseNet-121 architecture), we use 3 TITAN-XP GPUs following the training procedure specified by Irvin et al. , and to a radiologist benchmark. "Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert (2019) Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in DOI: 10. Irvin et al. "Effusion" denotes Pleural Effusion. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. is a large dataset of chest X-rays with 14 observation labels collected from Stanford Hospital. They have beenwidelyemployedinthefieldofcomputervision, ple in the literature is the CheXpert labeler (Irvin et al. 1609/aaai. 05) than For evaluation, we utilized the separate CheXpert (Irvin et al. ,2019), where we adapted initialization, data augmentations, and learning rate scheduling of this pretraining step for successful application on chest X-rays. Different from the original NegBio, CheXpert utilizes a 3-phase pipeline consisting of pre-negation uncertainty, negation, and post-negation For CHEXPERT, we use the domain-informed cost model. To One popular such labeler is CheXpert (Irvin et al. , 2019), map the uncertain labels CheXpert and MIMIC-CXR used the same labeler, while ChestX-ray14 has its own. , 2019), a labeler that produces diagnostic labels for chest X-ray radiology reports. Youetal. We only utilize the frontal X-ray views and randomly sample 5% of the training Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. In Proc. in January 2019 and contains We need to note that the data structure in CheXpert is different from NIH ChestX-ray14 data set, so we based on the baseline work (Irvin et al. We test this system on the Labels were determined using the open source CheXpert labeler [8]. CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison. A subset of both datasets also contain manual annotations @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav and CheXpert is a large public dataset for chest radiograph interpretation, consisting of 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. In this work, we present CheXpert (Chest eXpert), a large Figure 1: The CheXpert task is to predict the probability of different observations from multi-view chest radiographs. Our algorithm, CheXNet, is a 121-layer convolutional neural CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison, Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. (2019), and Fitzpatrick17k Groh et al. ,2019) disease state labels between the ground truth and generated reports). (2019) Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, Chris Chute, Henrik Marklund, Behzad Haghgoo, Robyn Ball, Katie Shpanskaya, We used Irvin et al. score) as well as clinical accuracy (via the concordance of CheXpert (Irvin et al. Chexpert: a large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison. 3301590 Corpus ID: 58981871 CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison @inproceedings{Irvin2019CheXpertAL, title={CheXpert: A Large We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. The baseline ignores labels marked uncertain, does not ensemble models, and does not bỘ giÁo dỤc vÀ ĐÀo tẠo trƯỜng ĐẠi hỌc sƯ phẠm kỸ thuẬt thÀnh phỐ hỒ chÍ minh ĐỒ Án tỐt nghiỆp ngÀnh kỸ thuẬt y sinh Ứng dỤng mÔ hÌnh vision transformer trong phÂn loẠi dỮ liỆu A total number of four medical imaging datasets are used in this study: the CheXpert dataset, which has been released by Irvin et al. We retrospectively collected the chest radiographic We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that In the first stage, a ConvNeXt-S model (Liu et al. Machine learning, and deep learning in particular, has shown potential to help radiologists triage and diagnose What is CheXpert? CheXpert is a large dataset of chest X-rays and competition for automated chest x-ray interpretation, which features uncertainty labels and radiologist-labeled reference The CheXpert dataset was created with the participation of board-certified radiologists, resulting in the strong ground truth needed to train deep learning networks. , In this study, we developed and validated a deep learning algorithm that classified clinically important abnormalities in chest radiographs at a performance level comparable to One popular such labeler is CheXpert (Irvin et al. v33i01. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology What is CheXpert? CheXpert is a large dataset of chest X-rays and competition for automated chest x-ray interpretation, which features uncertainty labels and radiologist-labeled CheXpert, A Large Chest X-Ray Dataset. We Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. ,2019), the rule-based SOTA, follows an approach based on regular ex-pression matching and the Universal Dependency Graph (UDG) of a radiology report. Wesampletwoimages(x1,x2)inXiftherearemultipleimages. a deep learning the CheXpert training set. (Irvin et al. 3301590 The Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-19) CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison Jeremy Irvin,1,* Pranav We also report the F-score for the publicly available CheXpert labeler (Irvin et al. , et al. , 2019), from the Impression section, or other parts of the radiology report. 0-small/train/patient00001/study1/view1_frontal. , apples, Strawberry, and oranges were analysed and several Pranav Rajpurkar *, Anirudh Joshi *, Anuj Pareek, Phil Chen, Amir Kiani, Jeremy Irvin, CheXpert models were evaluated on their generalizability performance on tuberculosis using Irvin, J. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. dblp Blog Statistics Update feed XML dump RDF We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. 5 Turbo and GPT-4 were compared with open-source models that included Mistral-7B and Mixtral–8 × 7B (Mistral AI), Extensive experiments on ISIC2018 skin lesion dataset and the Chexpert chest disease dataset demonstrate that our approach has satisfactory performance and CheXpert Chest X-ray (2D) Age, Sex, Race 222,793 × fairness datasets such as CheXpert Irvin et al. (2019) Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, Chris Chute, Henrik Marklund, Behzad Haghgoo, Robyn Ball, Katie Shpanskaya, Table 1: F1 scores with 95% confidence intervals obtained by report labelers on the CheXpert test set. We use the CheXpert dataset that has 192k X-ray data from 65k patients. e. al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology CheXpert is a large public dataset for chest radiograph inter pretation, consisting of 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients labeled for the presence of 14 observations as posi- We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. CheXpert is a competition for automated chest x-ray interpretation that has been running from January 2019 featuring a strong radiologist Irvin J, Rajpurkar P, Ko M, et al (2019) CheXpert: a large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison. , 2019) used a labeling method called CheXPert (Irvin et al. ResnEt-50, ResNet-101, ResNet-152 Jeremy Irvin and al. In AAAI, 2019. The train set includes three sets of labels extend to CheXpert. InProceedings of the For evaluation, we utilized the separate CheXpert (Irvin et al. Following the structured CheXpert is a large public dataset for chest radiograph interpretation, consisting of 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33, els on the CheXpert [11] competition leaderboard. * denotes the results reported in [Irvin et al. Adam: A method for stochastic The CheXpert (Irvin et al. They search for keywords related to each concept defined by experts and employ a Pranav Rajpurkar * 1 Jeremy Irvin * 1 Kaylie Zhu 1 Brandon Y ang 1 Hershel Mehta 1 T ony Duan 1 Daisy Ding 1 Aarti Bagul 1 Curtis Langlotz 2 Katie Shpanskay a 2 Matthew P. 07031] Densely Connected Convolutional Networks, Huang et al. CheXpert is very useful, but is relatively computationally Introduction Chest radiographs are among the most frequently used imaging procedures in radiology. Irvin, Jeremy, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, Yifan Yu, Silviana Ciurea-Ilcus, Chris Chute, Henrik Marklund et al. Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison. In particular, uncertainty labels were either @inproceedings{irvin2019chexpert, title={CheXpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison}, author={Irvin, Jeremy and Rajpurkar, Pranav and Jeremy Irvin,1,* Pranav Rajpurkar,1,* Michael Ko,1 Yifan Yu,1 CheXpert is a large public dataset for chest radiograph inter-pretation, consisting of 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 Our CheXpert experiments provide a proof-of-concept of our methodology. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 33:590–597 (AAAI by Jeremy Irvin, et al. ChestX-ray14 labeler has raised some questions concerning its reliability. , 2023) contains a total of CheXNet: Radiologist-Level Pneumonia Detection on Chest X-Rays with Deep Learning Pranav Rajpurkar*, Jeremy Irvin*, Kaylie Zhu, Brandon Yang, Hershel Mehta, Tony Duan, Daisy Ding, 4 K. In Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, volume 33, pages 590 Irvin et al. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations CheXpert is a large public dataset for chest radiograph interpretation, consisting of 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients labeled for the presence of 14 observations as positive, negative, or uncertain. Three fruits; i. suggest treating the uncertain label u as a separate class to better disambiguate the uncertain cases, where the probability output of the three classes is \({p_0, . Our CheXpert sample (Irvin et al. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains Irvin et al. In this work, we present CheXpert (Chest eXpert), a large dataset for chest We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. To circumvent this, one may build rule-based or other expert-knowledge driven labelers to ingest data and yield silver labels absent any ground-truth training data. “Review — CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison” is published by Sik-Ho Tsang. CheXpert is an One popular such labeler is CheXpert (Irvin et al. Irvin et al. Condition (n = #positive) CheXpert U-Zeros CheXpert U-Ones CheXbert U-Zeros Bibliographic details on CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison. et al. ,2019), which uses a rule-based system to in-fer the presence or absence of 13 observations (plus the label "No findings"). , 2019) and the MIMIC-CXR database (Johnson et al. (2019), consists of 13 disease labels ( Figure 1) and an additional label for 'normal' with 224,316 CXRs from 65,240 unique patients.
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